Table 1. Performance of three random walk models measured by differences between the observed and expected directions of travel for 2762 wolf steps. Wolf steps were 250 m in length. AICc values were calculated using the residual sum of squares (RSS) and the number of parameter estimates (K).

Model
RSS
K
ΔAICc
0.3(Directional bias) + 0.7(Directional persistence)
1062
2
0
Directional persistence (correlated random walk)
1304
1
564
Directional bias (biased random walk)
1662
1
1234