Orientation type

1) Ground or near-ground
     movement

2) Aerial movement

A) No searching

 

Negative

(immigration proportional to linear dimension of patch; linear dimension/patch area decreases with increasing patch area)

 

No relationship

(immigration proportional to patch area)

B) Random searching, no orientation toward patches

 

Negative

(immigration only slightly larger for larger patches, so density decreases with increasing patch area)

 

Negative

(immigration only slightly larger for larger patches, so density decreases with increasing patch area)

C) Orientation toward patches proportional to patch size (linear dimension or area)

 

Negative

(area of attraction is proportional to linear dimension; linear dimension/patch area decreases with increasing patch area)

 

No relationship

(area of attraction is proportional to patch area)

D) Orientation toward patches increases disproportionately with patch size (linear dimension or area)

 

Negative to positive

(switch from negative to positive occurs when area of attraction is a simple multiple of patch area)

 

Positive