Table 1. Physiographic characteristics of all research sites.

Site no. Relative disturbance Distancea (km) Trailb (km) Elevationc (m) Aspect: Eastnessc Area c (ha)
S1 less 4.14 8.1 0 - 737 -0.6429 814.6
S2 less 3.09 3.5 0 - 569 -0.6843 275.7
S3 less 5.70 5.1 450 - 783 -0.0978 371.5
S4 more 1.14 3.8 0 - 561 -0.6663 498.5
S5 more 2.02 6.0 0 - 742 -0.6961 329.4
S6 more 0.54 7.0 0 - 506 -0.5374 484.4

a. Distance from the nearest village.
b. Total kilometers of trail used to census each site.
c. Area and physiographic characters for region, determined by 500-m buffered trails.
d. Mean value of the sine of the east - west components of aspect (-1 = west, +1 = east, 0 = north or south).