River basin |
Improved monitoring and prediction of flood and drought risk |
Structural measures for flood control |
Nonstructural measures for flood control |
Social measures for flood control |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amudarya |
Improved monitoring
Better prediction of extreme events |
Updating and maintenance |
Increase of water storage in wetlands in lower reach for flood and drought mitigation |
Improved warning systems
Better public awareness and preparedness
Functional insurance
|
Elbe |
Better prediction of extreme events under climate change with uncertainty ranges |
Maintenance and updating |
Increasing natural water retention and retardation in catchments |
Improved awareness
Improved preparedness
|
Guadiana |
Quantitative and qualitative monitoring of aquifer bodies |
Needed only for small creeks where flash floods may take place |
Needed in regard to land-use patterns in some areas of the middle and lower basin |
Needed only in areas of small creeks where flash floods may take place
|
Orange |
Improved monitoring and prediction of extreme events, particularly drought prediction because of marginal agriculture |
Potential for dam in lower Orange River |
Improved land-use schemes
A general need for improvement of land management, including wetland rehabilitation |
Improved warning systems
Better awareness and preparedness
Improved insurance schemes
|
Rhine |
Better low flow and drought prediction |
Maintenance and updating, which are sometimes complicated by conflicting interests |
Creation of more room for water
Spatial planning |
Raising awareness
Updating of flood emergency plan
|
Tisza |
Improved monitoring and prediction of extreme events |
New reservoirs and polders as set forth in the Vásárhelyi Plan |
Spatial river basin planning
Increased water storage
Distribution management |
Integration of local population and farmers
Improved information systems
Hazard awareness and preparedness
Insurance packages
|
|
|
Table 7B. Improvement of measures for coping with droughts needed. |
|
|
River basin |
Supply-side measures
|
Demand-side measures
|
|
Amudarya |
Increase in water storage
Improved water supply management
Improvement of interstate cooperation |
Economic, legal, and technical water-saving measures
Increase in water-use efficiency
Changes in cropping patterns
|
Elbe |
Improved management in view of higher frequency of droughts |
Optimization of water allocation schemes in case of droughts
Changes in crop rotations
Introduction of new crop varieties
|
Guadiana |
Maintenance of two large reservoirs |
Control of illegal groundwater extraction
Introduction of water-efficient crops
Improved and more efficient irrigation methods
Water pricing
Exchange of groundwater rights
|
Orange |
Increasing storage potential for surface water to compensate for variability in rainfall
|
Improved irrigation practices
Improved control of groundwater extraction
|
Rhine |
Enhanced drinking water supply by surface water
|
Setting priorities for water use in low-flow and drought periods
Incorporating the expected effects of climate change in water management
More efficient use of water for irrigation
|
Tisza |
Improved storage of spring flood water and its distribution during growing season
Reactivation of fok-channel system and river bolsons under discussion |
Setting priorities for water use during droughts
More efficient use of water for irrigation
|