Table 1. Examples of pre-Euro-American settlement fire frequencies in frequent-fire conifer forests of the western United States Location Major species† MFI (yrs.)‡ Period   Reference Guadalupe Mountains, TX pipo, mc 5 1700–1900   Swetnam and Baisan 1996 San Juan National Forest, CO pipo, quga 7–13 1679–1880   Grissino-Mayer et al. 2004 El Malpais National Monument, NM pipo 5–17 1700–1900   Swetnam and Baisan 1996 Rincon Mountains, AZ pipo, quga 6–10 1657–1893   Baisan and Swetnam 1990 Camp Navajo, AZ pipo, quga 4 1637–1883   Fulé et al. 1997 Zion National Park, UT pipo, quga 4–7 pre-1881   Madany and West 1983 Carson Range, NV pije, abco 2 1650–1850   Taylor and Beaty 2005 Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Park, CA§ pipo, mc 4 pre-1860   Caprio and Lineback 2002 Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Park, CA abco, mc 10 pre-1860   Caprio and Lineback 2002 Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Park, CA segi 10 pre-1860   Caprio and Lineback 2002 Cascade Range, CA abco, pije 4 1652–1918   Bekker and Taylor 2001 Cascade Range, CA abco, pila 9 1658–1904   Bekker and Taylor 2001 Cascade Range, CA abma, abco 10 1694–1899   Bekker and Taylor 2001 Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains, CA pije, abma 9 1745–1889   Stephens 2001 Clearwater River drainage, ID psme 15 ––   Smith and Fischer 1997 Pattee Canyon, MT pipo, laoc 7 1557–1918   Habeck 1990 Eastern WA§ psme 6–18 ––   Agee 2003 Cascade Range, WA pipo, psme 7 1700–1860   Everett et al. 2000 † pipo = Pinus ponderosa, mc = mixed conifer, quga = Quercus gambelii, pije = Pinus jeffreyi, abco = Abies concolor, segi = Sequoia giganteum, pila = Pinus lambertiana, abma = Abies magnifica, laoc = Larix occidentalis, psme = Pseudotsuga menziesii. ‡ Mean fire return interval for all fire-scar samples. § These studies represent syntheses of previous work in these regions.