Table 2. Structural manipulation trends differences (mean ±SD) for pre- to post-treatment ecological group measures at Quincy Bluff and Wetlands Natural Area. Bias-adjusted effect size, 95% confidence interval of effect size, and F-values and probabilities for analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) tests are reported. ANOVA models tested main effects of the structural manipulationtreatment (n = 12) against the control (n = 10). Significance values of the tests are indicated in bold at P < 0.05, whereas values for marginal significance (P < 0.10) are in italics.

Ecological group  
Control
  
Treatment
  
Effect
  
95% CI
  
ANOVA
   
plot
  
plot
  
size
  
 
   
 
  
 
  
 
  
Lower
  
Upper
  
F
  
P
Canopy intercept  
-0.04
(±24.25)
  
-52.92
(±32.22)
  
-1.66
  
-3.10
  
-0.22
  
8.60
  
0.019
Species richness  
-1.40
(±1.67)
  
5.40
(±2.30)
  
3.05
  
1.23
  
4.87
  
28.54
  
< 0.001
Diversity  
-0.76
(±0.58)
  
1.24
(±0.33)
  
3.82
  
1.73
  
5.90
  
44.68
  
< 0.001
Evenness  
-0.22
(±0.20)
  
0.28
(±0.15)
  
2.55
  
0.88
  
4.22
  
20.03
  
0.002
Modal savanna  
-0.48
(±4.19)
  
12.12
(±12.16)
  
1.25
  
-0.10
  
2.61
  
4.80
  
0.060
Modal southern forest  
7.32
(±16.29)
  
-0.64
(±15.37)
  
-0.41
  
-1.71
  
0.80
  
0.63
  
0.450
Modal northern forest  
1.72
(±0.99)
  
1.00
(±2.24)
  
-0.38
  
-1.63
  
0.87
  
0.43
  
0.529
Modal grassland  
-9.08
(±8.77)
  
6.48
(±7.01)
  
1.77
  
0.31
  
3.23
  
9.60
  
0.015
Forbs  
-3.04
(±6.34)
  
5.76
(±3.09)
  
1.59
  
0.17
  
3.02
  
7.79
  
0.024
C3 grasses  
-1.44
(±3.32)
  
9.48
(±21.76)
  
0.63
  
-0.64
  
1.90
  
1.23
  
0.300
C4 grasses  
-1.32
(±6.83)
  
1.64
(±3.34)
  
0.50
  
-0.76
  
1.76
  
0.76
  
0.409
Sedges  
9.88
(±18.54)
  
-0.16
(±13.27)
  
-0.56
  
-1.83
  
0.70
  
0.97
  
0.354
Shrubs  
-6.92
(±10.85)
  
1.88
(±1.84)
  
1.02
  
-0.30
  
2.34
  
3.20
  
0.112
Ferns  
-5.6
(±10.92)
  
0
(±0)
  
0.65
  
-0.62
  
1.93
  
1.31
  
0.285
Trees  
1.36
(±2.91)
  
1.68
(±6.38)
  
0.06
  
-1.18
  
1.30
  
0.01
  
0.921
Legume  
-0.12
(±0.27)
  
0.56
(±1.53)
  
0.56
  
-0.71
  
1.82
  
0.96
  
0.357
Vines  
-1.04
(±2.44)
  
0
(±0)
  
0.53
  
-0.73
  
1.79
  
0.91
  
0.368