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Decision
and subsidiary elements
(and phase of
development†) |
Silvicultural operation |
Affected stand variable and sustainability criteria |
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1. Naturalness of tree species composition
(I–IV‡)
Species composition in relation to the potential natural
vegetation
Share of site-adapted tree species
Share of introduced tree species |
Selection of tree species |
Biological diversity;
Tree species composition |
2. Tree improvement (I)
Use of genetically improved material
Use of genetically modified organisms |
Selection of tree genotypes |
Biological diversity;
Stand genetic diversity |
3. Type of regeneration (I)
Planting, seeding, natural regeneration, or coppice |
Stand establishment |
Stand density (Growing stock); Age structure/ diameter distribution;
Tree species composition |
4. Successional elements (I-IV)
Tolerance of successional elements, i.e., pioneer and nurse species or
accompanying secondary tree species |
Stand establishment
Tending
Thinning |
Tree species composition
Density pattern |
5. Machine operation (I–IV)
Machine movement/driving on forest soils
Extent of forest opening for machine access |
Fertilizing
Liming
Soil preparation
Thinning
Final harvest |
Forest ecosystem health and vitality;
Site condition |
6. Soil cultivation (I)
Mechanical, physical, and chemical site preparation
Drainage |
Soil preparation
Drainage |
Site condition |
7. Fertilization / Liming (I–IV)
Fertilization to increase yield (amelioration)
Compensate for nutrient extraction and re-establishment of natural
biogeochemical cycles |
Fertilization
Liming |
Site condition |
8. Application of chemical agents (I–IV)
Extent of application of pesticides, herbicides |
Pest control |
Tree species composition |
9. Integration of nature protection (I–IV)
Tolerance of biotope/habitat trees
Tolerance of deadwood
Biotope protection within stands |
Thinning
Final harvest |
Biological diversity;
Tree species composition
Density pattern
Age structure |
10. Tree removals (III–IV)
Extent of tree components extracted in thinning or harvesting
operations |
Thinning
Final harvest |
Site condition;
Carbon stock |
11. Final harvest system (III–IV)
Extent of area cleared by final harvest operation |
Final harvest |
Density pattern
Age structure/ diameter distribution |
12. Maturity (III–IV)
Felling age in relation to the potential life span of a given tree
species |
Final harvest |
Biological diversity;
Age structure |
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† Phase of stand development the critical decision
predominantly refers to.
‡ I
“regeneration”, II “young”, III “medium” and
IV “adult”.
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