| Adaptive cycle phases | |||||
|
K - conservation Measure of capital |
Ω - release or collapse Factors decreasing capital and connectedness |
α –
reorganization Factors contributing to reorganization (resilience or transformation) |
r – growth Factors involved in re-establishment of capital and connectedness |
Driving forces toward system shifting | |
| Fast cycle - High Alpine vegetation(Tremalzo example: 8210†) |
• Maximum number of desired vegetation attributes
for conservation objectives, e.g., Max no. of valued species for conservation
objectives (described in Natura 2000) • Minimum number of undesirable vegetation attributes for conservation objectives |
• Loss of valued attributes, e.g., key species, due to: erosion, nutrient addition, overgrazing |
• Lack of weed species • Protection key species • Establishment of Malga rules or their application |
• (Factors as in
α – phase) • High level of ecological knowledge |
• Natural and man-made erosion and debris • Long-term climate changes |
|
Medium speed cycle – Malga grassland (Tremalzo example: 6170‡, 6210§, 6230|) |
• Max no. of desired vegetation attributes • Desired vegetation structure for both conservation and agricultural objectives • Minimum number of undesirable vegetation attributes |
• Loss of valued attributes, e.g., key species
through: over/under grazing • weed species colonization • abandonment of Malga pastures • breakdown of land use rules, loss of skills in applying the rules • lack/loss of ecological knowledge in pasture use |
• Protection/survival of palatable species and key
Natura 2000 species through appropriate grazing • Socioeconomic supports to Malga managers |
• Re-establish Malga regime • Community agreement on resource utilization proportionate to natural productivity |
• Management regimes: low grazing, abandonment, or
high intensity grazing |
|
† (Natura 2000 codes) Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation. ‡ Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands. § Seminatural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (important orchid sites). | Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on siliceous substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe). | |||||