Table 2. Differences in vA, vS, and vP scores for different protest groups

		Any form of protest		Letter to newspapers		Petition		Public demonstration
		NO	YES	NO	YES	NO	YES	NO	YES
vA	N	257	206	389	35	299	125	324	100
	Mean (SD)	4.22 (0.70)	4.48 (0.63)	4.30 (0.69)	4.68 (0.40)	4.27 (0.68)	4.48 (0.67)	4.28 (0.71)	4.50 (0.57)
	t	-4.23		-4.96		-2.91		-3.21
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000		.000		.004		.002
vS	N	229	195	353	35	268	120	293	95
	Mean (SD)	3.75 (0.83)	4.08 (0.71)	3.87 (0.81)	4.16 (0.65)	3.80 (0.83)	4.1 (0.68)	3.86 (0.82)	4.02 (0.74)
	t	-4.31		-2.42		-3.88		-1.69
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000		.020		.000		.091 (n.s.)
vP	N	228	194	351	35	267	119	291	95
	Mean (SD)	3.92 (0.80)	4.32 (0.67)	4.09 (0.78)	4.37 (0.65)	4.00 (0.78)	4.36 (0.71)	4.02 (0.81)	4.39 (0.60)
	t	-5.49		-2.09		-4.32		-4.84
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000		.037		.000		.000

Note: vA, vS, and vP are not normally distributed. The sample size is sufficiently large for the Central Limit Theorem to hold. We conducted nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests that highlighted the same significant differences with equivalent significance levels.