| Community | Description of case |
| Mexico | |
| Caobas | Follow local governance customs. Commercial timber management practices and legal norms brought in from outside. There have been some minor adaptations to local practices. |
| Yaxcabá | Follow local customs for all forest management. Limited outside intervention and very limited outside enforcement. Government offered to help with a reforestation project, but the Assembly voted against it because people did not want to lose land for agriculture. |
| Naranjal Poniente | Follow local governance customs. Commercial timber management practices and legal norms brought in from outside. There have been some minor adaptations to local practices. |
Brazil |
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| Mazagão | Following local customs for now, although illegal. Outside intervention (future government-sponsored community forestry project) will change governance structure over forest resources and management practices (see Hajjar et al. 2011). |
| OCT | Follow local customs for NWFP management. Outside intervention introduced a new furniture-making business for them, and brought scientific legal management. |
| MAFLOPS | Are not involved in timber management – this is all an outside intervention. Legal timber management is a foreign activity to the mostly agriculturist colonists; the logging company fills a need by providing all management services. However, this perpetuates a cycle of dependency on outside intervention, since little to no training, technology, or forest knowledge transfer occurs from the company to the colonist. The colonist benefits monetarily from a one-time deal, but is not left empowered to manage his/her forest in the future. They follow local customs for other resource use. |