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Instruments and
recommendations |
PES phase |
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Identification of synergies and trade-offs between
PES and adaptation |
Participatory vulnerability assessment to identify
adaptive capacity, adaptation strategies, and dependence on ecosystem services of
PES actors |
Scoping/Monitoring |
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Ecological and climate impact modeling to identify
vulnerability of the natural system toward climate variability and change and
trade-offs between enhancing different ES for different
purposes
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Scoping/Monitoring |
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Maximizing synergies and minimizing
trade-offs |
Choice experiments to assess whether payments can be
made to finance adaptation measures rather than being made in cash
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Scoping/Implementation |
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Assess how far these can be made at the community
level |
Scoping/Implementation |
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Exploit possibility of targeting payments to ES
providers during vulnerable periods within a year |
Scoping/Implementation |
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Use institutional structures set up during a PES to
increase awareness about climate variability and change and appropriate
adaptation measures |
Scoping/Implementation |
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Make sure these are also accessible to non-PES
participants to avoid erosion of social capital |
Implementation |
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In cases where measures introduced under the PES are likely to
increase vulnerability to climate variability and change, ensure that
counteracting mechanisms are put in place (e.g., providing an alternative source
of fodder where access to grazing land is restricted) |
Implementation |
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Ensure that payments made to ES providers are higher
than opportunity costs |
Implementation/Monitoring |
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