Table 1. Summary of generalized linear model results. Shown are environmental variables that explained the temporal dynamics of different species groups (associated with canonical axes 1 and 2, respectively) revealed by time series modeling of invertebrates and phytoplankton. Degrees of freedom (df), F-ratios, and significance levels for each variable are given in parentheses (* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001). Abbreviations: TP, total phosphorus;, TOC, total organic carbon; Temp, temperature; SO₄, sulfate concentration; NAO, North Atlantic Oscillation winter index; Ns, generalized linear model not significant; and ---, no significant temporal structure revealed by time series modeling.

Invertebrates (df 19) Phytoplankton (df 15) Lakes First species group Second species group First species group Second species group Mäsen -SO4 (30.7***) Ns --- --- Stora Skärsjön -SO4 (53.8***) Ns -SO4 (18.6***) Ns Brännträsket -SO4 (30.5***) Ns TP (6.1*) TOC (7.1*) SO4 (17.6**) Fräcksjön -SO4 (63.1***) Ns -SO4 (5.9*) SO4 (11.4**) TOC (13.5**) Stensjön -SO4 (19.8***) Ns -NAO (5.5*) Temp (8.2*) TOC (6.0*) Tväringen -SO4 (31.6***) Ns TOC (7.5*) SO4 (23.6***) Temp (7.3*) Skärgölen -SO4 (20.7***) SO4 (6.6*) Temp (5.4*) -SO4 (69.4***) -NAO (5.9*) Ns Remmarsjön -SO4 (9.5**) -NAO (12.6**) Ns -SO4 (23.5***) TOC (7.7*) --- Stora Envättern -SO4 (22.7***) -NAO (18.4***) SO4 (5.8*) -NAO (15.4**) TOC (16.7**) SO4 (9.0**) Jutsajaure -SO4 (5.2*) -NAO (10.5**) SO4 (5.7*) -SO4 (17.0**) Temp (7.1*) TOC (15.3**) Fiolen -SO4 (46.8***) -NAO (7.3*) Ns Ns Ns Allgjuttern -SO4 (100.4***) Temp (5.0*) Ns -SO4 (53.1***) Ns Abiskojaure TP (12.6**) SO4 (53.1***) --- --- Humsjön -NAO (6.2*) TOC (4.7*) SO4 (10.3**) -SO4 (31.0***) TP (4.9*) Stor Tjulträsket -NAO (4.8*) Ns Ns --- Brunnsjön -SO4 (26.6***) Ns -SO4 (46.2***) Ns Bysjön -SO4 (39.1***) Ns --- --- Hagasjön -SO4 (20.0***) Ns -SO4 (20.3***) TOC (7.4*) Ns Harasjön -SO4 (62.3***) Ns -SO4 (11.3**) TOC (6.7*) Ns Sännen -SO4 (30.6***) Ns --- --- Övre Skärsjön -SO4 (51.8***) Ns --- --- Grissjön -SO4 (43.8***) TP (15.4**) -SO4 (40.6***) Temp (7.7*) Storasjö -SO4 (72.9***) TP (8.5**) Ns SO4 (5.0*) Rotehogstjärnen -SO4 (25.8***) -NAO (19.4***) Ns --- --- Älgarydssjön -SO4 (29.0***) -NAO (19.8***) TP (9.7**) -SO4 (33.8***) Ns Härsvatten -SO4 (9.4**) -NAO (13.5**) SO4 (17.8***) Temp (15.2*) --- ---