Table 1. Likelihood ratio test and P-value (significance at < 0.05) results of distance-to-trail/road categorical variable and distance-to-trail/road*hourly trail/road activity categorical interaction variable using nested models for each species. Mean Spearman’s rho and P-value of 5-fold cross validation tests performed on models with significant interaction variables.
| |
| |
|
|
|
Trails |
|
Roads |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Explanatory Variable |
|
Wolf |
Elk |
|
Wolf |
Elk |
| |
|
L-R Test of Distance |
χ² |
33.92 |
58.88 |
|
28.00 |
9.23 |
|
|
P |
< 0.000 |
< 0.000 |
|
< 0.000 |
0.100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L-R Test of Distance * Activity |
χ² |
12.39 |
44.63 |
|
17.18 |
11.25 |
|
|
P |
0.030 |
< 0.000 |
|
0.004 |
0.047 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K-fold Cross Validation of Model |
µ rho |
0.971 |
0.905 |
|
0.959 |
0.314 |
|
|
µ P |
< 0.000 |
0.002 |
|
< 0.000 |
0.396 |
|
| |
|