Table 2. Probit models with and without clustering by tenure and management regimes (coffee plantations, reserved forest, national park) explain factors that are associated with the attitudes toward reserved forests (N = 247). Coefficients represent change in marginal probability and + or - sign shows direction of association. Asterisks denote level of significance: * at 10%; ** at 5%; *** at 1%. Robust standard errors are in parentheses. Parameter pseudo R2 is a measure of goodness of fit.
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
With clustering |
No clustering |
| |
|
Dependent variable |
|
|
Attitudes toward reserved forests |
|
|
|
Independent Variables |
|
|
|
Knowledge about Forest Rights Act [H1] |
0.054 (0.030)* |
0.054 (0.029)* |
|
|
|
Attitudes toward Karnataka Forest Department
[H2]: |
|
|
|
0 (not happy at
all)
1 (not very happy)
2
(indifferent)
3 (a little happy) |
-0.160
(0.067)***
-0.163
(0.102)**
-0.125
(0.086)**
-0.045 (0.048) |
-0.160
(0.074)***
-0.163
(0.111)**
-0.125
(0.082)**
-0.045 (0.046) |
|
|
|
Participation in Forest Management Groups
[H3] |
-0.049 (0.007)*** |
-0.049 (0.053) |
|
Control variables |
|
|
Individual
level |
Age
Education
Tribal
origin
Gender |
-0.001
(< 0.0001)**
0.020
(0.021)
-0.036 (0.022)
-0.004
(0.028) |
-0.001
(0.001)*
0.020 (0.016)
-0.036
(0.029)
-0.004 (0.024) |
|
|
Household
level |
Household size
Average income for
two weeks period
Ownership of
durables
Access to land for
cultivation
Livestock ownership |
0.012
(0.006)*
-0.004 (0.004)
0.009
(0.005)*
0.005
(0.006)
-0.00004 (< 0.0001)*** |
0.012
(0.006)**
-0.004 (0.004)
0.009
(0.005)
0.005 (0.005)
-0.00004
(< 0.0001)*** |
|
|
Community
level |
Community distance to a forest |
|
|
|
|
|
1 (Inside)
2 (On the
boarder) |
0.033 (0.039)
0.052
(0.008)*** |
0.033 (0.057)
0.052
(0.023) |
|
|
|
N = 247 |
Pseudo R² =
0.2707 |
Pseudo R² =
0.2707 |
|
| |
|