Table 1. Summary statistics of the variables included in the multivariate regression analysis (N = 247). Frequency distributions are listed for all the variables. For the attitudes toward reserved forests (dependent variable), Forest Rights Act knowledge, attitudes toward Karnataka Forest Department, and participation in forest management groups (independent variables) table shows comparisons within three land tenure and management regimes analyzed by likelihood-ratio chi2 tests (G2). Asterisks denote statistically significant relation * at 10%; ** at 5%; *** at 1%.
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Land tenure and management
regimes |
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Variable name |
Variable description |
Total sample |
Coffee plantations |
Reserved Forests |
National Park |
|
|
|
N=247 |
N=69 (27.94%) |
N=133 (53.85%) |
N=45 (18.22%) |
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|
Attitudes toward reserved
forest |
Respondent likes reserved forest
|
89% |
94% |
87% |
89% |
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Knowledge about Forest Rights
Act |
No knowledge (0) |
81.38% |
92.75% |
77.44% |
75.76% |
|
One right (1) |
5.67% |
1.45% |
7.52% |
6.67% |
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|
More than one right (2) |
12.96% |
5.80**% |
15.04% |
17.78**% |
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Attitudes toward Karnataka Forest
Department |
Not happy at all (0) |
20.24% |
14.49% |
14.29% |
46.67% |
|
Not very happy (1) |
8.10% |
4.35% |
7.52% |
15.56% |
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Indifferent (2) |
10.93% |
8.70% |
9.77% |
17.78% |
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A little happy (3) |
18.22% |
18.84% |
21.80% |
6.67% |
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Very happy (4) |
42.51% |
53.62% |
46.62***% |
13.33***% |
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Participation in Forest Management
Groups |
Respondent participates in FMG
|
14% |
0*** |
24%*** |
4%* |
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Age |
In years |
37.98(±15.30) |
37.06 (±14.46) |
38.38 (±15.80) |
37.24 (±15.24) |
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Education |
No formal
education
(0) |
48.99% |
42.86% |
45.11% |
67.39% |
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|
1 to 4 grades (1) |
17.00% |
24.29% |
15.04% |
13.04% |
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|
5 to 11 grades (2) |
32.39% |
28.57% |
39.10% |
19.57% |
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|
12 grades (3) |
1.62% |
4.29% |
0.75% |
0.00% |
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Tribal origin |
Respondent belongs to Scheduled Tribe |
90% |
75% |
94% |
100% |
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Gender |
Male (1) /
Female
(0) |
0.59 (± 0.49) |
0.48 (±0.50) |
0.67 (±0.47) |
0.51 (±0.51) |
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Household size |
Number of heads |
5.00 (± 2.35) |
4.54 (±1.93) |
5.35 (±2.68) |
4.69 (±1.66) |
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Average income for two week
period |
In thousand Indian Rupees = 22 US$ |
3.39 (± 2.79) |
3.56 (±2.58) |
3.14 (±2.66) |
3.84 (±3.41) |
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Ownership of durables - motorbikes and
mobiles |
In thousand Indian Rupees |
1.24 (± 3.29) |
1.84 (±3.79) |
1.24 (±3.50) |
0.35 (±0.75) |
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Access to land for cultivation |
In acres |
1.66 (± 2.17) |
0.58 (±1.14) |
2.07 (±2.25) |
2.13 (±2.57) |
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Livestock ownership: chickens, goats, pigs,
and cows |
Average bodyweight in kg |
318.54
(± 909.80) |
43.36
(±167.68) |
466.12 (±1111.99) |
304.21 (±830.62) |
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Community distance to a forest |
Inside (1) |
71.66% |
49.28% |
96.24% |
33.33% |
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On border (2) |
14.17% |
0.00% |
3.76% |
66.67% |
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More than 1 km away (3) |
14.17% |
50.72% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
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| Note: To determine differences within
dependent and independent variables under three land tenure and management
regimes we ran likelihood-ratio chi² tests comparing two by two data
subsets. There are no significant differences within attitudes toward reserved
forests under different land tenure and management regimes. |
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