Table 5. Energy balances (GJ/ha) calculated for the production of bioethanol from maize biomass and for the production of pure vegetable oil from sunflower biomass. Legend: PERC = percentile.
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| |
|
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|
MAIZE |
SUNFLOWER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10th PERC |
90th PERC |
10th PERC |
90th PERC |
|
|
|
(GJ/ha) |
(GJ/ha) |
(GJ/ha) |
(GJ/ha) |
| |
| Cultivation |
Ploughing
Harrowing
Sowing
Weed Control
Hoeing
Fertilization
Treatments
Harvest |
2.80
0.75
0.43
0.16
0.38
0.11
0.11
2.40 |
2.80
0.75
0.43
0.16
0.38
0.11
0.11
2.40 |
2.80
0.75
0.43
0.16
0.38
0.11
0.11
1.85 |
2.80
0.75
0.43
0.16
0.38
0.11
0.11
1.85 |
| Irrigation |
System 1
System 2
|
6.23
7.53
|
6.49
7.84
|
0.00
|
0.00
|
|
Feedstocks |
Seeds
Herbicide
N Fertilizer
P Feertilizer
Pesticide |
1.57
0.63
13.20
0.31
0.70 |
1.57
0.63
13.20
0.31
0.70 |
0.33
0.63
7.00
0.16
0.00 |
0.33
0.63
7.00
0.16
0.00 |
|
Processing |
Transformation/Transport |
31.00 |
44.00 |
4.25 |
8.16 |
| Total Inputs |
Required Energy
Required Energy System 1
Required Energy System 2
|
60.77
57.97
|
74.03
71.23
|
18.96
|
22.87
|
| Total Outputs |
Usable Energy |
54.93 |
73.40 |
10.95 |
20.99 |
| Input/Output |
Balance
Balance System 1
Balance System 2
|
-5.84
-3.04
|
-0.63
2.17
|
-8.01
|
-1.88
|
|
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