| Study site |
Khawa settlement |
Kedia settlement |
| |
|
Geographical location |
21o21’87.6” S
24o43’80.7” E |
26o17’01.3” S
21o22’03.7” E |
|
Vegetation (Olson and Dinterstein 2001) |
Desert and xeric shrubland |
Subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands |
|
Diversity of soil types |
Low |
High |
|
Hydrology (Thomas and Shaw 1991) |
- |
Lake Xau, Boteti River (Makgadikgadi-Okavango-Zambezi rift
depression wetlands complex) |
|
Average annual rainfall between 1995 and 1999 |
129.8 mm |
386.5 mm |
|
History of human settlement |
Short – first settled in 1974 when a borehole was dug and
equipped; previously, ancestral hunting and gathering grounds |
Long – archaeological evidence of settlement dating
back to the Middle and Late Stone Age (Cooke and Paterson
1960, Helgren 1984) |
|
Population (Census 2001) |
510 |
805 |
|
Population estimated from sampling (2004/5) |
683 |
1033 |
|
Average number of people per household (2004/5) |
9 |
6 |
|
Number of people interviewed in survey (number of oral
history and trajectory mapping exercises) |
58 (9) |
40 (8) |
|
Ethnic composition (2004/5) (Sporton and Thomas
2002) |
Dominated by Batlharo (74%) |
Dominated by mix of Bakalanga (43%), Basarwa (28%), and Bateti
(13%) groups |
|
Primary livelihood options (2004/5) |
Pastoralism (goats, cattle, sheep, donkey); hunting (legal
and illegal);
veld product collection;
employment (mostly temporary); small business (alcohol sales,
leatherworks) |
Pastoralism (cattle, goats); arable cultivation; employment;
small business (alcohol sales, chicken/egg sales, baking,
crafts); veld product collection, vegetable gardening; illegal
hunting |
|
Primary food sources (2004/5) |
Wild meat, wild vegetables, destitute rations, livestock,
shop-bought foods |
Cultivated crops (e.g., maize, sorghum, beans, pumpkin, melon),
shop-bought foods, livestock, wild vegetables, destitute rations |
|
Water availability (2004/5) |
Drinking water rationed and supplied by bowser;
livestock water available from open-access community borehole
and/or private syndicate borehole |
Drinking water available from taps in settlement centre;
livestock water available from private wells and open-access
seasonal supplies of surface water |