Table 4. Trends of principal drivers affecting working and living in European rural regions under two contrasting scenarios.
| |
| |
| Categories of drivers |
Indirect driver |
Direct driver |
Muskateer Trend |
Marketeer Trend |
| |
| |
| Policy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
International policy |
influence of the WTO |
subsidies, market intervention |
↓ |
no EU support of WTO |
↑ |
strong EU support of WTO |
|
|
|
agricultural production policies |
subsidies, tariffs, quota |
→ |
no change |
↓ |
abolished |
|
|
|
rural development |
subsidies, restrictions, market
intervention |
↑ |
increased |
↓ |
abolished |
|
|
|
environmental policy |
subsidies, restrictions, market
intervention |
↑ |
strengthened |
↓ |
weakened |
|
|
|
cohesion policy |
investment |
↑ |
increased |
↓ |
abolished |
|
|
National and regional policies |
policies for transport, education, health, ICT
|
subsidies, investment, restrictions |
↑ |
increase |
↓ |
less important |
| |
|
Governance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
strength of subnational government |
regional infrastructure |
↑ |
expanded |
→ |
little expansion |
|
|
|
rural support structures |
rural services |
↑ |
expanded |
↑ |
little expansion |
|
|
|
|
political centralization |
↓ |
decrease |
↑ |
increase |
| |
|
Economy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Global economy |
economic development |
demand |
→ |
stable GDP growth |
↑ |
rapid GDP growth |
| |
|
Technology |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technological development |
R&D spending |
yield and profit |
↑ |
slow increase |
↑ |
great increase |
|
|
Investment in infrastructure |
infrastructure and knowledge economies |
access (transport, energy, ICT, knowledge) |
↑ |
uniform increase |
↑ |
increase in certain regions |
|
| |
↑ = increasing trend, →
= stable trend, ↓ = decreasing trend.
ICT = Information and communication technologies
|