Livelihood adaptations†
by theme |
Respondents by area
Percentage of n (number of
sample) |
|
1 (n=30) |
2 (n=30) |
3 (n=30) |
4 (n=31) |
| |
|
Changes to agricultural practice |
27 (8)
Individual agricultural
experimentation,
fodder
storage,
using landscape diversity, traditional
knowledge |
97 (29)
Structured agricultural
experimentation (within farming association) |
40 (12)
Structured agricultural
experimentation, conserving resources, regulating/branding
livestock |
68 (21)
Individual agricultural
experimentation, planting trees, using landscape diversity |
|
Changes in use of social capital |
54 (16)
Investment in support
networks,
exploiting matrilineal ties, building
exclusive networks by neighborhood |
97 (29)
Investment in support
networks, increasing participation in exclusive networks by type, publicly
promoting social cohesion |
83 (25)
Building of male maize
cooperative, investing in women’s groups, investing in political networks,
Investment in local support networks |
84 (26)
Building of agricultural
cooperatives, evolved traditional noncash exchange mechanisms, interactions
between traditional leaders and local administration |
|
Commercializing livelihoods |
23 (7)
Investment in poultry,
livestock |
70 (21)
Investment in poultry,
livestock, collective attempt to buy game farm |
53 (16)
Women’s horticultural
collectives, some livestock investment |
16 (5)
Some investment in
horticulture, cashew trees and livestock |
|
Changing off-farm roles |
37 (11)
Regular migrant work to
mines and cities (Zeerust, Mafiking or Gaborone, Gauteng, Johannesburg,
Rustenburg) |
87 (26)
Regular migrant work and
long-term jobs (Dzanani, Thohanyandou, Makahado, Musina,
Gauteng) |
43 (13)
Regular migrant work
(Ladysmith, Durban, Johannesburg) |
35 (11)
Regular migrant work and
long-term migrant jobs (Manjacaze, Xai-Xai, Maputo, South
Africa) |