Fig. 3. Mean annual air temperature (solid circles) at Kemano (53º33.8’ N, 127º56.9’ W, elevation 87 m above sea level, data from Environment Canada), and mean annual Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index values (Source: University of Washington Joint Institute for the Atmosphere and Oceans; open circles) (rtemp-PDO = 0.48, P < 0.001, for 1st-difference residuals). Originally published in Hill et al. 2009 by NRC Research Press.