Stakeholder category Type of participation Type of participation (Pretty 1995) Ladder of community participation (Guaraldo Choguill 1996) Ladder of citizen participation (Arnstein 1969) Group 1 Formalized participation through foundation or society Self-mobilization Interactive Empowerment Partnership Partnership Joint mgmt board Group 2 Participation in projects or activities managed or co-managed by the MF initiative Functional Material incentives Conciliation Cooperation Group 3 Collaboration in stakeholder projects (active or passive) to continuous communication and information Consultation Information giving Passive Dissimulation Diplomacy Informing Conspiracy Self-management Advisory committee Communication Consultation Information