|
Resilience Framework |
Action Research/Learning (AR/AL) |
Implications for Learning |
|
Examples for Climate Change Adaptation |
| |
|
Complex adaptive cycles |
Loop learning and spirals
of steps |
Iterative, cross-level/cross-scale
information exchange |
→ |
Learning about and practicing adaptation as an action-reflection
process |
|
Windows of opportunities |
Nodes of reflection |
Opening for unexpected connections, innovation, and
transformation |
→ |
Possibility for adjustment in agriculture or diversification out of
agriculture |
|
Memory |
Experiential grounding |
Knowledge base
for envisioning the future |
→ |
Lessons learned from past droughts and floods to facilitate
foresight |
|
Re-organization |
Insightful questioning for action |
Challenging assumptions and worldviews |
→ |
Understanding of local and global drivers of climatic changes |
|
Experimentation |
Testing theories through action/practice |
Flexible, incremental learning-by-doing, learning from
mistakes |
→ |
Local monitoring of climate and other changes and testing adaptation
options |
|
Back-loop learning |
Co-production of knowledge and multiple
voices |
Arena for creative knowledge generation |
→ |
Local and scientific climate knowledge and re-abstraction of external
information |
|
Self-organization |
Spontaneous cooperation and bounded
instability |
Participant-led problem solving
and action |
→ |
Agricultural innovation through farmer–extension agent
collaboration |
|
Revolting |
Challenging of power imbalances |
Empowerment, new dynamics across
scales |
→ |
Shift from vulnerable people as passive victims of climate change to active
agents who shape change |
|
Small disturbances and surprises |
Management probes |
Out-of-the box thinking,
innovative learning |
→ |
Introduction of extreme climate events into scenario building to explore
adaptation options exceeding current response repertoire |
|
Navigating transitions |
Rehearsing for reality |
Learning spaces for transformation |
→ |
Several alternative plans for managing climate uncertainties |