Table 2. Shared and unique collaborative prescriptions. Field Origin Collaborative Prescriptions Collaborative prescriptions from communicative planning Beyond facilitating mutual understanding, forge new understandings of self Beyond promoting knowledge transfer, foster the development of new knowledge practices Beyond catalyzing “double-loop” learning of political relations, and institutional arrangements, provide the capacity to reconfigure these relationships and foster collaborative governance Collaborative prescriptions common to both fields Abide by norms of transparency and inclusiveness Enhance trust, commitment, and mutual understanding Encourage creativity and experimentation, drawing on available resources and ideas Facilitate expression of multiple perspectives on preferred future states and fruitful discussion across differences Enable joint fact-finding procedures that would permit consideration of alternative ways of knowing about the system of concern Enhance capacity, willingness, and initiative to act Collaborative prescriptions from social–ecological resilience Assist participants at different levels of expertise to make sense of complex entities and interactions Enable specification of the attributes of the system of concern and identification of system dynamics Facilitate discussion about norms and preferences in the selection of which future resilient state is preferred Bridge social and ecological connections across spatial, temporal, and organizational scales Provide guidance to remain integrated with other efforts to enhance resilience while avoiding rigid procedures that constrain interaction