Table 1. Key policies affecting land use in Mengsong. Year Policy Intention 1950 Prohibition of opium cultivation End opium cultivation 1958 Great leap forward Expand mining for steel refining 1964 Grain self-sufficiency Increase food security 1969 Grain request from uplands Food is everything 1978 Exploitation of marginal lands Increase grain protection 1978 Household responsibility system End collective agriculture, increase grain production 1982 Forest land allocation Sedentarize swidden 1990s Poverty alleviation programs in Xishuangbanna Expand areas of terraced tea and rubber 1998 Natural-forest protection program Conservation, logging ban 1999 Sloping land conversion program Conservation, grain for green 2006 Collective forest tenure reform Strengthen tenure over forest land