Table 5. The cost of deer–, elk–, and moose–vehicle collisions for selected road sections in the USA and Canada (all in 2007 US$). R = research project, HM = highway maintenance reports, AR = highway accident reports, PWI = park warden incident reports, MSR = meat salvage reports. Road section Road length (km) Data collection and year Collisions/km/yr (costs in 2007 US$) Total cost/km/yr (US$) Source SR260 (Christopher Creek section), Payson, AZ, USA 7.2 R, HM, AR (2002–2003) 2.64 elk ($46 155) $46 155 Dodd et al. 2007 I-90 (309.0–330.9) (four-lane), Bozeman Pass, MT, USA 35.2 R, HM (2003) 3.38 deer ($22 365) 0.21 elk ($3671) 0.06 moose ($1845) $27 881 Hardy et al. 2006 I-80/90 (50.0–70.0), Indiana Toll Road (four-lane), IN, USA 32.2 HM (2005) 2.89 deer ($19 123) $19 123 Sedat Gulen, Indiana DOT, pers. comm. Alaska Hwy 1 (58.0–79.0) (two-lane), AK, USA 33.8 AR, MSR (2006) 0.56 moose ($17 226) $17 226 Rick Ernst, Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, pers. comm. I-95 (near Medway) (four-lane), ME, USA 32.2 AR (2005) 0.06 deer ($397) 0.53 moose (16 303) $16 700 Duane Brunell, Maine DOT, pers. comm. Hwy 1, Banff National Park (Phase 3b) (two-lane), AB, Canada 28.1 AR, R, PWI (2005) 0.60 deer ($3970) 0.32 elk ($5595) 0.07 moose ($2153) $11 718 Shelagh Wrazej, Parks Canada, pers. comm. Route 169 (1.0–61.0) (two-lane), Laurentides Wildlife Reserve, QC, Canada 61.0 HM, AR (2003) 0.33 moose ($10 151) $10 151 Yves Leblanc, Tecsult Inc., pers. comm. I-90 (55.0–70.0) (four-lane), Snoqualmie Pass, WA, USA 24.1 HM (2005) 0.70 deer ($4632) 0.25 elk ($4371) $9003 Victoria Fursman, Washington DOT, pers. comm. MT Hwy 83 (two-lane), MT, USA 76.9 HM (1998–2003) 1.19 deer ($7287) 0.01 elk ($176) $7463 Huijser et al. 2006b Highway 93 S (two-lane), Kootenay National Park, BC, Canada 34.2 AR, PWI (2005) 0.41 deer ($2713) 0.03 moose ($923) $3636 Shelagh Wrazej, Parks Canada, pers. comm.