Table 4. Threshold values for individual mitigation measures that are estimated to reduce collisions with large ungulates by ≥80% (see Table 1 for estimated percentages).
| |
| |
|
Threshold values |
Discount rate |
Fence |
Fence, underpass, jump-outs |
Fence, under- and overpass, jump-outs |
ADS |
Fence, gap, ADS, jump-outs |
Elevated roadway |
Road tunnel |
| |
|
US$/km/yr |
1% |
$5223 |
$12 437 |
$15 975 |
$35 279 |
$25 634 |
$2 233 094 |
$3 328 567 |
|
US$/km/yr |
3% |
$6304 |
$18 123 |
$24 230 |
$37 014 |
$28 150 |
$3 109 422 |
$4 981 333 |
|
US$/km/yr |
7% |
$8931 |
$32 457 |
$45 142 |
$41 526 |
$34 437 |
$5 369 961 |
$9 246 617 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
deer/km/yr |
1% |
0.9 |
2.2 |
2.8 |
6.1 |
4.5 |
337.5 |
503.0 |
|
deer/km/yr |
3% |
1.1 |
3.2 |
4.3 |
6.4 |
4.9 |
470.0 |
752.8 |
|
deer/km/yr |
7% |
1.6 |
5.7 |
7.9 |
7.2 |
6.0 |
811.6 |
1397.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
elk/km/yr |
1% |
0.4 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
2.3 |
1.7 |
127.7 |
190.4 |
|
elk/km/yr |
3% |
0.4 |
1.2 |
1.6 |
2.4 |
1.9 |
177.9 |
284.9 |
|
elk/km/yr |
7% |
0.6 |
2.2 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
2.3 |
307.2 |
528.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
moose/km/yr |
1% |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
72.6 |
108.2 |
|
moose/km/yr |
3% |
0.2 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
101.1 |
161.9 |
|
moose/km/yr |
7% |
0.3 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
174.6 |
300.6 |
|
| |
|