Category Mitigation method Land use and soil management Convert arable land to extensive grassland Establish cover crops in the autumn Cultivate land for crop establishment in spring rather than autumn Adopt minimal cultivation systems Cultivate compacted tillage soils Cultivate and drill across the slope Leave autumn seedbeds rough Avoid tramlines over winter Establish in-field grass buffer strips Loosen compacted soil layers in grassland fields Maintain and enhance soil organic matter levels Allow field drainage systems to deteriorate Livestock management Reduce overall stocking rates on livestock farms Reduce the length of the grazing day or grazing season Reduce field stocking rates when soils are wet Move feed and water troughs at regular intervals Reduce dietary N and P intakes Adopt phase feeding of livestock Fertilizer management Use a fertilizer recommendation system Integrate fertilizer and manure nutrient supply Reduce fertilizer application rates Do not apply P fertilizers to high P index soils Do not apply fertilizer to high-risk areas Avoid spreading fertilizer to fields at high-risk times Manure management Increase the capacity of farm manure (slurry) stores Minimize the volume of dirty water produced Adopt batch storage of slurry Adopt batch storage of solid manure Compost solid manure Change from slurry to a solid manure handling system Site solid manure heaps away from watercourses and field drains Site solid manure heaps on concrete and collect the effluent Do not apply manure to high-risk areas Do not spread farmyard manure to fields at high-risk times Do not spread slurry or poultry manure to fields at high-risk times Incorporate manure into the soil Transport manure to neighboring farms Incinerate poultry litter Farm infrastructure Fence off rivers and streams from livestock Construct bridges for livestock crossing rivers and streams Re-site gateways away from high-risk areas Establish new hedges Establish riparian buffer strips Establish and maintain artificial (constructed) wetlands