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Broad Category |
Sub-category |
Sub-category Explanation
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1. Locus of control–responses
pertaining to who should be driving and supporting the area (namely the local
community), and the specific local social characteristics that are
required. |
1.1 Locally driven |
CCA is driven (initiated and motivated),
controlled, and managed by the local community, rather than being externally
driven. For example:
“the conservation area must be a community-driven project.” |
|
1.2 Local support |
Strong support and demonstrated commitment
(from local leaders and the whole community) for the CCA, as well as active
community participation and cooperation. For example:
“the community freely volunteers their time
to the conservation area.” |
|
1.3 Local (social)
characteristics |
Strength of community structures and
traditions, i.e., strong leadership; community virtues, i.e., patience; absence of
land disputes; belief/willingness for conservation; ownership and knowledge of
the CCA. For example:
“Absence of over-inflated community
expectations about what conservation will deliver.” |
|
2. Local benefits–responses regarding
the benefits that should be provided for the local community, i.e., satisfaction
of local needs or provision for incentives. |
2.1 Local needs satisfied |
Satisfaction of local social, cultural, and
economic needs, including: education, skills, capacity, power, subsistence,
health, and wellbeing. For example:
“community feels that their conservation area
is making a useful contribution to the village and its
people.” |
|
2.2 Provision of incentives |
Development of alternative income-generating
activities, monetary compensation, and increased resources for local use. For
example:
“pressure is always there for the community
to touch our resources but...alternative income generation to counter this would
(help) avoid failure.” |
|
3. Resource focus–responses that
indicated that success depends on the area being suitable for conservation based
on its resources, which are either socially defined or ecologically
defined. |
3.1 Locally defined resource
(social) |
Issues of locally sustainable resource use,
socially and culturally appropriate, locally defined and designed CCA. For
example:
“The most successful...are modest, small, at
times temporally and spatially shifting.” |
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3.2 Ecologically defined |
Ecological site selection and design,
ecological effectiveness and conservation outcomes. For example:
“The area is not degraded and able to yield
increases in abundance and diversity.” |
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4. Management–responses regarding the
appropriateness of management style, operations, structure,and
capacity. |
4.1 Appropriate Style |
Specific to the social, cultural,and economic
environment of the Pacific islands, and particular local community contexts.
For example:
“...failure would come when a Western-type
management style is imposed on people who have no previous concept of the
conventional protected areas.” |
|
4.2 Appropriate operations and
structure |
Locally appropriate and sensitive monitoring
and enforcement; relevant financial and administration structures; effective
local rules or local policy supporting the CCA; public awareness and
education. For example:
“... communities are proactively managing
the natural resources ... having specific measures in place to monitor their
success and the financial resources to implement management
strategies.” |
|
4.3 Adequacy of management
capacity |
Established or the development of local
management capacity and self-reliance. Including financial, administrative,
and conservation management. For example:
“the community is not dependent on outside
for continued management of the CCA.” |
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5. External involvement–responses
regarding the role and nature of external (i.e., NGO, government, funders, and
individual) support and interaction. |
5.1 Nature of external
involvement |
How external stakeholders relate to the local
community, appropriateness of involvement, and specific virtues that they
should have and pursue, i.e., external ideas and values not imposed; not
money driven; sensitivity and awareness of potential impact of external
presence. For example:
“... the donor has limited influence on what
is happening. The money has come with no strings attached and the donor has
realistic expectations of the outcome required.” |
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5.2 Type of support |
The ways the external party(ies) should or should
not support CCAs–investment and the type of support. For example:
“the government must recognize the
community’s right to establish and enforce the conservation
area.” |
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6. Sustainability—the
sustainability of the CCA following intervention: managerially, socially, financially,
and ecologically. |
No sub-categories. |
“Sustainability” was considered by some
respondents to be the foundation of success, and all other success elements
facilitate, enable or lead to sustainability, and therefore, success. For
example:
“I believe a CCA is successful when its
management is able to meet both resource-conservation and income-generation
objectives in a sustainable manner.” |