Table 1. Farm typology. Each farm type is characterized by a land use, size, and intensity dimension. Dimension and type Definition Land use (Specialization), Land-use type rulea 1 Arable/cereal (1+6), < 12.5% fallow and >= 50% cereals 2 Arable/fallow (1+6), >= 12.5% fallow 3 Arable/specialized crops (1+6), >= 25% of arable land in specialized crops 4 Arable/others (1+6), other arable 5 Dairy cattle/permanent grass (4.1), >= 50% grass and < 50% temporary grass 6 Dairy cattle/temporary grass (4.1), >= 50% grass and >= 50% temporary grass 7 Dairy cattle/land independent (4.1), UAA = 0 or LU/ha => 5 8 Dairy cattle/others (4.1), other dairy cattle 9 Beef and mixed cattle/permanent grass (4.2 and 4.3), as 5 10 Beef and mixed cattle/temporary grass (4.2 and 4.3), as 6 11 Beef and mixed cattle/land independent (4.2 and 4.3), as 7 12 Beef and mixed cattle/others (4.2 and 4.3), other beef and mixed cattle 13 Sheep and goats/land independent (4.4), as 7 14 Sheep and goats/others (4.4), other sheep and goats 15 Pigs/land independent (5.1), as 7 16 Pigs/others (5.1), other pigs 17 Poultry and mixed pigs/poultry (5.2) 18 Mixed farms (7) 19 Mixed livestock (8) 20 Horticulture (3) 21 Permanent crops (2) Size 1 Small scale < 16 ESU 2 Medium scale >= 16 ESU and < 40 ESU 3 Large scale >= 40 ESU Intensity 1 Low intensity Total output per ha < €500 euro 2 Medium intensity Total output per ha >= €500 and < €3000 3 High intensity Total output per ha >= €3000 a The specialization dimension is based on the EU/FADN farm typology (http://ec.europa.eu/comm/agriculture/rica/diffusion_en.cfm). Only the most important land-use type rules are described here; the % of area relates to the utilized agricultural area (uaa). A full description is given in Andersen et al. (2006).