Table 4. Use of the actor analysis: effects of the actor analysis on project activities. Case Substantive analysis Interaction process General learning and indirect effects National water resources plan, Egypt Helped to generate more attention to the costs of policy options and institutional reform Helped to clarify roles and responsibilities in project committees Introduced a new perspective on interdependencies among actors Diffuse pollution, Netherlands Helped to integrate diffuse and point-source pollution Helped to expand the type of actors involved; triggered reflection on the roles of actors in diffuse pollution policy Enabled learning about the perceptions of others River basin planning, Turkey Few direct effects Helped to start the interaction process and to prepare the first workshop and training of local actors Enabled learning about a largely new and unknown project environment Regional water management, Philippines Initiated effort to take into account concerns and solutions from three main actor groups Initiated effort to include actors from all three groups in project activities; provided a basis for the first stakeholder workshop Enabled learning and updating of knowledge about perceptions and awareness of actors