|
Feature |
Tanimbar archipelago (Indonesia) |
Beforona region (Madagascar) |
Mahakam Delta (Indonesia) |
| |
|
Location |
7°35’ S, 131°36’ E |
18°58’ S, 48°34’ E |
0°45’ S, 117°28’ E |
|
Area |
3300 km² (Yamdena Island) of which ~970 km² is agricultural landscape |
A corridor of 250 km² (30 km² for selected village territories) |
1500 km² |
|
Physiography |
0–250 m in elevation; rolling hills, dissected topography |
200–1200 m in elevation; hilly and steep slopes, dissected topography |
0–5 m in elevation; swampy lowlands |
|
Rainfall |
1500–2500 mm/yr |
2000–3500 mm/yr |
2000–2500 mm/yr |
|
Population |
51,000 (Yamdena Island);
selected villages: 500 to 2500
inhabitants |
20,000 (two communes);
selected villages: 150 to 350 inhabitants |
20,000;
selected villages: 1000 to 2000 inhabitants |
|
Population density |
Island density: 15 people/km², rural density: 52 people/km²
|
Commune density: 80 people/km², rural density: 30 people/km²
|
13 people/km² |
|
Annual population growth |
< 2% |
3% |
4% |
|
Settlement |
Scattered settlements and one small town (Saumlaki: 15,000
inhabitants) |
Scattered settlements and two small towns (one town is Beforona: 10,000
inhabitants) |
Scattered settlements |
|
Land cover |
Lowland rainforest, moist deciduous and dry decidous forests, secondary
growth, food crop fields |
Altitudinal sequence from grassland region of the east coast to hill forest
remnants up to 800 m above sea level with submontane forest above, secondary growth,
food crop fields, home gardens |
Fish ponds, some degraded mangrove swamp and Nypa vegetation |
|
Social-ecological concerns and development needs |
Still relatively little pressure on environment from local society /
Customary rules still in use / Growing pressure from outsiders and local
government to exploit intact natural resources (forest and sea) / Danger of
anarchic development for a very fragile environment |
Long-lasting ecological decline related to slash-and-burn practices for
upland rice cultivation / Last forest pioneer front at the top of the escarpment /
High pressure on natural resources due to demography and migration / Effects of
migrants on the farming system |
Complete deforestation and environmental degradation for shrimp
aquaculture / Extreme pressure on natural resources exploited by migrants / No
customary rules |