Table 2. Factors supporting transformability in social-ecological systems. Sources – 1: Gunderson et al. 2006, 2: Walker et al. 2006. Components necessary for adaptability and transformation1 Determinants of transformability2 C1: Development and maintenance of open and flexible epistemic networks; (Bridges 1 and 3) C2: Diversity of scientific and social learning types operate in parallel; (Bridges 2 and 7) C3: An arena for discourse; (Bridges 1–3) C4: Fostering trust through leadership. D1: Incentives to change vs. not to change, especially subsidies; (Bridges 6 and 10) D2: Cross-scale awareness and reactivity, including networking within the social-ecological system and between the system and other systems; (Bridges 1–3) D3: A willingness to experiment; (Bridges 1–3, 7) D4: Reserves and highly convertible assets in human, natural, and built capital. (Bridge 8)