|
Critical themes or key questions for adaptive co-management
identified in round one: |
Importance assigned by the expert panel in round
two: |
|
Importance assigned by the expert panel in round
three: |
|
Mean |
SD |
% = Percent of expert panelists who
ranked ≥ 4 |
|
Mean |
SD |
% = Percent of expert panelists who
ranked ≥ 4 |
| |
|
How do ACM mechanisms convey resilience or reduce
vulnerability of socialecological systems, i.e., indicators? |
5.00 |
1.79 |
79.2 |
|
5.17 |
1.61 |
89.6 |
|
Does ACM result in increased stewardship compared to
centralized management? |
4.86 |
1.43 |
86.1 |
|
4.86 |
1.30 |
82.7 |
|
Does ACM improve ecological health? |
4.97 |
1.35 |
86.7 |
|
4.90 |
1.29 |
89.6 |
|
How are multiple sources/types of knowledge
integrated and used? |
5.30 |
1.24 |
90.0 |
|
5.52 |
0.87 |
96.5 |
|
Does ACM provide more “foresight” or a
greater ability to respond to risk and uncertainty? |
4.80 |
1.52 |
80.0 |
|
4.97 |
1.21 |
86.2 |
|
Does ACM enhance the well-being, i.e., livelihoods, of
communities? |
5.47 |
1.17 |
93.3 |
|
5.48 |
0.99 |
96.5 |
|
What is the role of the biophysical context or
exogenous resources factors, e.g., climate change? |
4.63 |
1.43 |
80.0 |
|
4.54 |
1.07 |
89.3 |
|
What role do institutional arrangements play in
enabling or impeding ACM? |
5.57 |
1.16 |
93.3 |
|
5.79 |
0.86 |
100 |
|
What role do individual champions play in sustaining
ACM? |
4.97 |
1.52 |
86.2 |
|
4.93 |
1.44 |
89.3 |
|
What role does the social, e.g., relationships, trust, and
cultural, e.g., values, context have on ACM? |
5.30 |
1.09 |
93.4 |
|
5.28 |
1.07 |
96.5 |
|
How does ACM work along horizontal linkages and
across vertical scales? |
5.53 |
0.97 |
96.6 |
|
5.69 |
1.07 |
96.5 |
|
Challenging the assumption that local, self-organized
groups are sustainable due to morals and norms |
3.57 |
1.55 |
46.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
What is the role of conflict in ACM? |
4.57 |
1.31 |
83.3 |
|
4.55 |
1.06 |
86.2 |
|
How is the demand for ACM created? |
4.10 |
1.69 |
56.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
What is the economic viability, i.e., cost effectiveness,
transaction costs, of ACM? |
4.83 |
1.44 |
76.7 |
|
4.90 |
1.21 |
86.2 |
|
Do ACM systems result in better management than alternative approaches? |
5.33 |
1.40 |
86.7 |
|
5.48 |
1.33 |
93.0 |
|
Is the public trust mandate for managing natural
resources adequately met via ACM? |
4.27 |
1.70 |
63.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
What are effective methods of communicating among
diverse stakeholder groups involved in ACM? |
4.90 |
1.58 |
79.9 |
|
4.90 |
1.50 |
86.1 |
|
How can experiments be designed that do not adversely
disadvantage any stakeholder group and/or organizational moral? |
4.14 |
1.73 |
58.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Can the adaptive management and precautionary
approach be reconciled? |
4.07 |
1.57 |
66.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
How can ACM be made simple and practically
useful? |
4.90 |
1.52 |
79.3 |
|
5.14 |
1.43 |
89.6 |
|
How can ACM be linked to basic theories of learning
and cooperation in social groups, i.e., evolutionary theory? |
4.17 |
1.53 |
73.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
How can marginalized groups, e.g., women, hunter gatherers,
aboriginal peoples, be more effectively involved in ACM? |
4.80 |
1.40 |
80.0 |
|
4.93 |
1.25 |
86.2 |
|
How can the effects of ACM be convincingly proven and
communicated when they are difficult to measure and convey? |
4.53 |
1.48 |
73.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
To what extent are the skills and capacity developed
in ACM transferable? |
4.67 |
1.47 |
76.7 |
|
4.69 |
1.31 |
86.1 |
|
Do ACM systems emerge naturally or do they require
introduction? |
4.10 |
1.56 |
63.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
What indicators should be monitored, and how should
it be monitored, i.e., methods? |
4.70 |
1.42 |
73.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
How do we move away from top-down decision making
systems and toward collaborative management in which resource users and
communities share power? |
4.97 |
1.52 |
86.6 |
|
4.97 |
1.5 |
89.6 |
|
How is stakeholder inclusion and broad engagement in
ACM achieved? |
4.80 |
1.22 |
90.0 |
|
4.86 |
1.09 |
96.5 |
|
Need to understand the operational basis for learning
and how to support/foster it |
4.77 |
1.43 |
76.6 |
|
4.79 |
1.32 |
86.2 |
|
Need to understand the collaborative decision-making process |
4.23 |
1.57 |
60.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
What is the scope of ACM, and how do we understand its
main characteristics and conceptual framework? |
4.40 |
1.79 |
66.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
What incentives motivate learning and behavior
modification? |
5.00 |
1.46 |
86.6 |
|
5.03 |
1.35 |
89.7 |
|
How do we increase legitimacy, i.e., authority, for the
organizations and improve compliance for regulations? |
4.60 |
1.40 |
83.3 |
|
4.76 |
1.06 |
93.1 |
|
Does ACM result in increased knowledge, data, and
information sharing when compared to centralized management? |
4.55 |
1.38 |
82.7 |
|
4.71 |
1.12 |
89.2 |
|
Does ACM result in empowerment of disadvantaged
stakeholders and greater equity? |
5.03 |
1.38 |
93.3 |
|
5.14 |
1.27 |
93.1 |
|
Need to develop sound methodologies that go beyond
post-hoc case studies |
5.03 |
1.52 |
90 |
|
5.03 |
1.55 |
86.1 |
|
How do we expand lessons learnt from specific sites
or sectors to undertake an ecosystem or regional-scale
approach? |
5.20 |
1.38 |
90.1 |
|
5.41 |
1.18 |
96.5 |
|
How are differing views of property reconciled, i.e., first
nation vs. state? |
4.10 |
1.69 |
63.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
How does decentralization facilitate putting
legalized management decisions into practice? |
4.00 |
1.39 |
73.4 |
|
|
|
|