Management practices based on
ecological knowledge |
Monitoring resource abundance
and change in ecosystems |
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Total protection of certain species |
| Protection of vulnerable life-history
stages |
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Protection of specific habitats |
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Temporal restrictions of harvest |
| Multiple species management; maintaining
ecosystem structure and function |
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Resource rotation |
| Succession management |
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Management of landscape patchiness |
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Watershed management |
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Managing ecological processes at multiple scales |
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Responding to and managing pulses and surprises |
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Nurturing sources of renewal |
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Social mechanisms behind
management practices |
Generation, accumulation and transmission of ecological
knowledge |
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Reinterpreting signals for learning |
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Revival of local knowledge |
| Folklore/knowledge
carriers |
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Integration of knowledge |
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Intergenerational transmission of knowledge |
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Geographical transfer of knowledge |
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Structure and dynamics of institutions |
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Role of stewards/wise people |
| Cross-scale
institutions |
| Community
assessments |
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Taboos and regulations |
| Social
and religious sanctions |
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Coping mechanisms; short-term responses to surprises |
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Ability to reorganize under changing circumstances |
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Incipient institutions |
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Mechanisms for cultural internalization |
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Rituals, ceremonies, and other traditions |
| Cultural
frameworks for resource management |
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World view and cultural values |
| Appropriate
environmental ethics |
Sharing, generosity, reciprocity, redistribution, respect,
patience, humility |