Fig. 3. (A) Spatial autocorrelation and scale definition for the 3000-m urban growth surface and (B) systematic sampling of 5 × 5 cells used as the dependent variable based on the 3000-m urban growth surface. (C) Spatial autocorrelation and scale definition for the 500-m urban growth surface and (D) systematic sampling of 5 × 5 cells used as the dependent variable based on the 500-m urban growth surface.