Ecology and Society: Balancing Development and Conservation? An Assessment of Livelihood and Environmental Outcomes of Non-Timber Forest Product Trade in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Level	Indicators

Target species population level	Changes in population size Changes in distribution, i.e., range Changes in population structure, e.g., sex and age ratio
Land-use ecosystem level	Changes in forest species diversity Changes in soil structure Changes in soil pollution levels
Regional landscape level	Role as a reservoir of forest species Role as a biodiversity corridor Role in erosion control and hydrology Role in pollution