Table 3. Economic impact of deforestation on coffee sites and overall welfare. Scenarios are as in Fig. 3; all monetary values are in USD. Average net revenue in coffee-growing area† Total net revenue in coffee-growing area (192 ha) Average pollination value of deforested area‡ Total net revenue of alternative crops in deforested area Net welfare effect in overall area (292 ha) Marginal net welfare effect in overall area (292 ha) INDONESIA Deforested area (ha) ($/ha) (%) ($) ($/ha) ($) ($) ($) 0 85 100 16,347 0 0 16,347 0 32 79 93 15,214 35 5120 20,334 3987 58 76 89 14,510 31 9280 23,790 3456 78 73 85 13,928 31 12,480 26,408 2618 100§ 61 72 11,697 47 16,000 27,697 1289 ECUADOR Deforested area (ha) 0 36 100 7005 0 0 7005 0 32 30 83 5825 36 3456 9281 2276 58 27 73 5092 33 6264 11,356 2075 78 23 64 4485 32 8424 12,909 1554 100§ 11 30 2111 49 10,800 12,911 2 †Mean net revenue per hectare in the 192-ha coffee-growing area (see Tables 1 and 2) declines with increasing distance to the forest. ‡Calculated by assigning the reduction in total net coffee revenues to the number of hectares deforested. §In the case where the forest is completely destroyed, we assumed that coffee sites received only minor pollination services from other forest patches within about 1000 m.