TABLE 1. A comparison between avoided and threatened species.

No. Species Popular namea Cultural group/localityb IUCN statusc
PLANTS
1 Ficus religiosa peepal tree Among Hindu castes, India (2) -
2 Aegle marmelos bel tree Among Hindu castes, India (3) -
3 Curcurbita foetidissima wild gourd Pima Bajo of Sonoran desert, USA/Mexico (4) -
4 Curcurbita digitata wild gourd Pima Bajo of Sonoran desert, USA/Mexico (4) -
5 Prospis cinerarea khejri tree Bisnois, Rajasthan, India (14) -
MOLLUSCS
6 Tympanotonus fuscatus Inhabitants of Djange lagoon, Ghana (5) -
FISHES
7 Gymnothorax spp. moray Inhabitants of Buzios Island, Brazil (6) -
8 Raja cycclophora ray Inhabitants of Buzios Island, Brazil (6) -
9 Myliobates sp. ray Inhabitants of Buzios Island, Brazil (6) -
10 Dasyatis sp. ray Inhabitants of Buzios Island, Brazil (6) -
11 Auxis sp. mackerel Inhabitants of Buzios Island, Brazil (6) -
12 Euthynnus alleteratus tunny Inhabitants of Buzios Island, Brazil (6) -
13 Adubefduf saxatilis sargeant major Inhabitants of Buzios Island, Brazil (6) -
14 Practocephalus hemiliopterus sheat-fish pirara Fishermen from Tocantins River, Brazil (7) -
15 Pomatotrygon motoro ray Fishermen from Tocantins River, Brazil (7) -
16 Pomatotrygon hystrix ray Fishermen from Tocantins River, Brazil (7) -
17 Disceus thayeri ray Fishermen from Tocantins River, Brazil (7) -
REPTILES
18 Tupinambis teguixin Inhabitants of Buzios Island, Brazil (6) -
19 Kinosternon oaxacae Oaxaco mud turtle Pima Bajo, Papago, Yuman speakers (USA/Mexico) (4) I
20 Chelonia mydas green sea turtle Inhabitants of Buzios Island, Brazil (6) E
21 Naja oxiana Oxus cobra Receives local protection in vicinity of temples in India (2) K
22 Melanosuchus niger black caiman The Piro of Amazonian Peru (8) V
23 Heloderma suspectum Gila monster Riverine Pima, Papago (USA/Mexico) (4) V
24 Dipsosaurus dorsalis desert iguana Riverine Pima, Papago (USA/Mexico) (4) -
25 Sauromalus obesus chuckwalla Papago (USA/Mexico) (4) -
BIRDS
26 Egretta ardesiaca Black Heron Inhabitants at the Sakumo lagoon, Ghana (5) -
27 Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Rural parts of Bangladesh (2) -
28 Amblyornis macgregoriae MacGregor's Bowerbird Kewabi-speaking people, Southern Highland Province, Papua New Guinea (9) -
29 Astrapia stephaniae Black Long-tailed Bird of Paradise Among the Kumbebe people of Papua New Guniea (9) -
30 Paradise raggiana Raggiana Bird of Paradise The Mailu people of Amazon Bay, Papua New Guinea (9) -
31 Meleagris gallopavo Turkey Papago (USA/Mexico) (4) -
32 Geococcyx californianus Roadrunner Riverine Pima, Papago, Seri (USA/Mexico) (4) -
33 Bubo virginianus Great Horned Owl Riverine Pima, Papago, Western Apache (4) -
34 Corvus spp. Raven Papago, Seri, Western Apache (4) -
35 Pavo muticus Green Peafowl Talminadu, Rajasthan, Gujarath (India) (2) V
36 Pitylus grossus Slate-colored Grosbeak Achuar of Ecuador/Peru (15) -
MAMMALS
37 Gorilla gorilla gorilla Edo state, Nigeria (13) V
38 Colobus polykomos black and white colobus Inhabitants of Boabeng and Fiema, Ghana (12) V
39 Cercopithecus campbelli mona monkey Inhabitants of Boabeng and Fiema, Ghana (12) -
40 Cebus capucinus spider monkey Achuar of Ecuador (15) -
41 Pan troglodytes chimpanzee Edo state, Nigeria (13) V
42 Papio spp. baboon Edo state, Nigeria (13) -
43 Erythrcebus patas Patas monkey Edo state, Nigeria (13) -
44 Citellus spp. ground squirrel Riverine Pima, Maricopa, Western Apache (4) -
45 Thomomys umbrinus emotus southern pocket gopher Riverine Pima, Papago, Maricopa (4) R
46 Perognathus alticola white-eared pocket mouse Riverine Pima, Papago, Maricopa (4) V
47 Peromyscus sp. Riverine Pima, Papago, Maricopa (4) -
48 Dipodomys gravipes San Quintin kangaroo rat Riverine Pima, Papago (4) E
49 Dipodomys microps leucotis houserock chisel-toothed kangaroo rat Riverine Pima, Papago (4) K
50 Erethizon dorsatum porcupine Riverine Pima, Maricopa, Yuman speakers (4) -
51 Hydrochoerus capybara capybara Ka'apor Indians, Brazil (10), Achuar of Ecuador/Peru (15) -
52 Canis latrans coyote Reverine Pima, Pima Bajo, Papago, Seri, Maricopa (4) -
53 Canis aureas jackal Bisnois of the Thar desert, Rajasthan, India (14) -
54 Canis lupus grey wolf Bisnois of the Thar desert, Rajasthan, India (14) V
55 Vulpes macrotes kit fox Riverine Pima, Papago, Maricopa, Western Apache (4) -
56 Urocyon cinereoargentus North American fox Riverine Pima, Papago, Maricopa, Western Apache (4) -
57 Ursus americanus black bear Papago, Maricopa, Western Apache (4) -
58 Tremarctos ornatus spectacled bear Achuar of Ecuador/Peru (15) V
59 Taxidea taxus badger Papago, Maricopa (4) -
60 Mephitis spp. skunk Riverine Pima, Papago, Seri, Maricopa, Yuman speakers (4) -
61 Panthera tigris tiger Receives local protection in the vicinity of temples in India (2) E
62 Felis concolor puma Maricopa, Yuman speakers (4) E
63 Lynx rufus bobcat Maricopa, Yuman speakers (4) -
64 Pecari tajacu peccary Yuman speakers, Western Apache (4) -
65 Tapirus bairidii Central American tapir Coshiro-wa-teri of Brazil/Venezuela; Achuar of Ecuador (11) V
66 Myrmecophaga tridactyla giant anteater Coshiro-wa-teri of Brazil/Venezuela; Achuar of Ecuador (11) V
67 Pridontes maximus giant armadillo Achuar of Ecuador/Peru (15) V
68 Cholopeus hoffmani two-toed sloth Achuar of Ecuador/Peru (15) -
69 Antilope cervicapra blackbuck Bisnois of the Thar deser, Rajasthan, India (14) V
70 Mazama americana red brocket deer Achuar of Ecuador/Peru (15) -

a Blank cells indicate that no popular name in English is specified.

b Sources of information: 1, Chapman (1985); 2, Gadgil (1987); 3, Ramakrishnan and Patnaik (1992); 4, Rea (1981); 5, Ntiamoa-Baidu (1991); 6, Begossi (1992); 7, Begossi and de Souza Braga (1992); 8, Alvard (1993); 9, Kwapena (1984); 10, Balée (1985); 11, Ross (1978); 12, Fargey (1992); 13, Osemeobo (1994); 14, Sankhala (1993); 15, DeScola (1986).

c IUCN status: E, endangered; I, indeterminate; V, vulnerable; K, insufficiently known; R, rare; -, no threat.