Abstract
Using examples from different disciplines, I show that the dualism between "analytical" and "integrative" approaches to scientific investigation is not unique to ecology. I argue that the resolution of (1) the apparent conflict between the two cultures of ecology and (2) the problem of finding a sound direction during the transition of ecology would benefit from a transdisciplinary approach. Candidate disciplines are any science within which complex systems are being investigated, as well as philosophy of science and environmental ethics.
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